feat(android): Recover MemoryLimiter app exits on startup (JAVA-687) (#6111)

Introduce a new MemoryLimiterIntegration that captures process deaths attributable to Android 17's new [MemoryLimiter](https://source.android.com/docs/core/perf/memory-limiter#process-monitoring) system service (see also [here](https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2026/06/prioritizing-memory-efficiency-steps-for-android-17.html)).

Process death info is extracted from ApplicationExitInfo on the next app launch. We then enrich it with persisted SDK state and send it to Relay as a fatal Sentry event.

Integration is experimental; is only available for Android API >= 37; and is disabled by default.

Author: 0xadam-brown

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 ### Features
 
+- Add Android SDK support for reporting `MemoryLimiter` app exits recovered from `ApplicationExitInfo` ([#6111](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/6111)).
 - Sentry can now configure Log4j2 automatically for Spring Boot 4 when `sentry-log4j2` is on the classpath and Log4j2 Core is the active logging backend ([#5403](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5403))
   - Enable automatic appender registration with:
     ```properties

sentry-android-core/api/sentry-android-core.api

@@ -334,6 +334,20 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/LoadClass : io/sentry/util/LoadClass {
 	public fun loadClass (Ljava/lang/String;Lio/sentry/ILogger;)Ljava/lang/Class;
 }
 
+public final class io/sentry/android/core/MemoryLimiterIntegration : io/sentry/Integration, java/io/Closeable {
+	public fun <init> (Landroid/content/Context;Lio/sentry/android/core/BuildInfoProvider;)V
+	public fun close ()V
+	public fun register (Lio/sentry/IScopes;Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;)V
+}
+
+public final class io/sentry/android/core/MemoryLimiterIntegration$MemoryLimiterHint : io/sentry/hints/BlockingFlushHint, io/sentry/hints/Backfillable {
+	public fun <init> (JLio/sentry/ILogger;JZ)V
+	public fun isFlushable (Lio/sentry/protocol/SentryId;)Z
+	public fun setFlushable (Lio/sentry/protocol/SentryId;)V
+	public fun shouldEnrich ()Z
+	public fun timestamp ()J
+}
+
 public final class io/sentry/android/core/NativeEventCollector {
 	public fun <init> (Lio/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions;)V
 	public fun collect ()V
@@ -446,7 +460,9 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions : io/sentry/Sentr
 	public fun isEnableStandaloneAppStartTracing ()Z
 	public fun isEnableSystemEventBreadcrumbs ()Z
 	public fun isEnableSystemEventBreadcrumbsExtras ()Z
+	public fun isMemoryLimiterEnabled ()Z
 	public fun isReportHistoricalAnrs ()Z
+	public fun isReportHistoricalMemoryLimiterExits ()Z
 	public fun isReportHistoricalTombstones ()Z
 	public fun isTombstoneEnabled ()Z
 	public fun setAnrEnabled (Z)V
@@ -480,10 +496,12 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions : io/sentry/Sentr
 	public fun setEnableSystemEventBreadcrumbs (Z)V
 	public fun setEnableSystemEventBreadcrumbsExtras (Z)V
 	public fun setFrameMetricsCollector (Lio/sentry/android/core/internal/util/SentryFrameMetricsCollector;)V
+	public fun setMemoryLimiterEnabled (Z)V
 	public fun setNativeHandlerStrategy (Lio/sentry/android/core/NdkHandlerStrategy;)V
 	public fun setNativeSdkName (Ljava/lang/String;)V
 	public fun setNdkAppHangTimeoutIntervalMillis (J)V
 	public fun setReportHistoricalAnrs (Z)V
+	public fun setReportHistoricalMemoryLimiterExits (Z)V
 	public fun setReportHistoricalTombstones (Z)V
 	public fun setTombstoneEnabled (Z)V
 }
@@ -641,8 +659,8 @@ public class io/sentry/android/core/TombstoneIntegration$TombstonePolicy : io/se
 	public fun buildReport (Landroid/app/ApplicationExitInfo;Z)Lio/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoHistoryDispatcher$Report;
 	public fun getLabel ()Ljava/lang/String;
 	public fun getLastReportedTimestamp ()Ljava/lang/Long;
-	public fun getTargetReason ()I
 	public fun markReported (J)V
+	public fun matches (Landroid/app/ApplicationExitInfo;)Z
 	public fun shouldReportHistorical ()Z
 }
 
@@ -747,14 +765,18 @@ public final class io/sentry/android/core/anr/StackTraceConverter {
 public final class io/sentry/android/core/cache/AndroidEnvelopeCache : io/sentry/cache/EnvelopeCache {
 	public static final field LAST_ANR_MARKER_LABEL Ljava/lang/String;
 	public static final field LAST_ANR_REPORT Ljava/lang/String;
+	public static final field LAST_MEMORY_LIMITER_MARKER_LABEL Ljava/lang/String;
+	public static final field LAST_MEMORY_LIMITER_REPORT Ljava/lang/String;
 	public static final field LAST_TOMBSTONE_MARKER_LABEL Ljava/lang/String;
 	public static final field LAST_TOMBSTONE_REPORT Ljava/lang/String;
 	public fun <init> (Lio/sentry/android/core/SentryAndroidOptions;)V
 	public fun getDirectory ()Ljava/io/File;
 	public static fun hasStartupCrashMarker (Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;)Z
 	public static fun lastReportedAnr (Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;)Ljava/lang/Long;
+	public static fun lastReportedMemoryLimiter (Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;)Ljava/lang/Long;
 	public static fun lastReportedTombstone (Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;)Ljava/lang/Long;
 	public static fun markAnrReported (Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;J)V
+	public static fun markMemoryLimiterReported (Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;J)V
 	public static fun markTombstoneReported (Lio/sentry/SentryOptions;J)V
 	public fun store (Lio/sentry/SentryEnvelope;Lio/sentry/Hint;)V
 	public fun storeEnvelope (Lio/sentry/SentryEnvelope;Lio/sentry/Hint;)Z

sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AndroidOptionsInitializer.java

@@ -434,6 +434,10 @@ static void installDefaultIntegrations(
       options.addIntegration(new TombstoneIntegration(context));
     }
 
+    if (buildInfoProvider.getSdkInfoVersion() >= Build.VERSION_CODES.CINNAMON_BUN) {
+      options.addIntegration(new MemoryLimiterIntegration(context, buildInfoProvider));
+    }
+
     // this integration uses android.os.FileObserver, we can't move to sentry
     // before creating a pure java impl.
     options.addIntegration(EnvelopeFileObserverIntegration.getOutboxFileObserver());

sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/AnrV2Integration.java

@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ private static final class AnrV2Policy
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int getTargetReason() {
-      return ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_ANR;
+    public boolean matches(final @NotNull ApplicationExitInfo exitInfo) {
+      return exitInfo.getReason() == ApplicationExitInfo.REASON_ANR;
     }
 
     @Override

sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessor.java

@@ -587,6 +587,8 @@ private void setDist(
       timestamp = ((AbnormalExit) hint).timestamp();
     } else if (hint instanceof NativeCrashExit) {
       timestamp = ((NativeCrashExit) hint).timestamp();
+    } else if (hint instanceof MemoryLimiterIntegration.MemoryLimiterHint) {
+      timestamp = ((MemoryLimiterIntegration.MemoryLimiterHint) hint).timestamp();
     } else {
       timestamp = null;
     }
@@ -800,9 +802,7 @@ private final class AnrHintEnricher implements HintEnricher {
 
     @Override
     public boolean supports(@NotNull Object hint) {
-      // While this is specifically an ANR enricher we discriminate enrichment application
-      // on the broader AbnormalExit hints for now.
-      return hint instanceof AbnormalExit;
+      return hint instanceof AnrV2Integration.AnrV2Hint;
     }
 
     // by default we assume that the ANR is foreground, unless abnormalMechanism is "anr_background"

sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoHistoryDispatcher.java

@@ -24,6 +24,23 @@
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
 
+/**
+ * Shared startup-time pipeline for reporting process deaths recovered from Android's {@link
+ * ApplicationExitInfo} history.
+ *
+ * <p>This class provides the generic flow used by integrations like ANR, tombstone, and
+ * MemoryLimiter recovery. That flow involves:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>reading the system's historical exit list;
+ *   <li>finding matching records through an {@link ApplicationExitInfoPolicy};
+ *   <li>skipping exits that are too old or have already been reported; and
+ *   <li>capturing synthetic Sentry events for the remaining matches.
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The {@code ApplicationExitInfoPolicy} provides the exit-specific rules, while the dispatcher
+ * owns the lifecycle and bookkeeping around them.
+ */
 @ApiStatus.Internal
 final class ApplicationExitInfoHistoryDispatcher implements Runnable {
 
@@ -70,7 +87,13 @@ public void run() {
 
     waitPreviousSessionFlush();
 
-    final List<ApplicationExitInfo> exitInfos = new ArrayList<>(applicationExitInfoList);
+    final List<ApplicationExitInfo> exitInfos = new ArrayList<>(applicationExitInfoList.size());
+    for (final ApplicationExitInfo exitInfo : applicationExitInfoList) {
+      if (exitInfo != null) {
+        exitInfos.add(exitInfo);
+      }
+    }
+
     final @Nullable Long lastReportedTimestamp = policy.getLastReportedTimestamp();
 
     final ApplicationExitInfo latest = removeLatest(exitInfos);
@@ -135,7 +158,7 @@ private void waitPreviousSessionFlush() {
       final @NotNull List<ApplicationExitInfo> exitInfos) {
     for (Iterator<ApplicationExitInfo> it = exitInfos.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
       ApplicationExitInfo applicationExitInfo = it.next();
-      if (applicationExitInfo.getReason() == policy.getTargetReason()) {
+      if (policy.matches(applicationExitInfo)) {
         it.remove();
         return applicationExitInfo;
       }
@@ -149,7 +172,7 @@ private void reportHistorical(
       final @Nullable Long lastReportedTimestamp) {
     Collections.reverse(exitInfos);
     for (ApplicationExitInfo applicationExitInfo : exitInfos) {
-      if (applicationExitInfo.getReason() == policy.getTargetReason()) {
+      if (policy.matches(applicationExitInfo)) {
         if (applicationExitInfo.getTimestamp() < threshold) {
           options
               .getLogger()
@@ -223,20 +246,43 @@ private void report(final @NotNull ApplicationExitInfo exitInfo, final boolean e
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Exit-specific contract for the shared {@link ApplicationExitInfo} recovery pipeline.
+   *
+   * <p>{@link ApplicationExitInfoHistoryDispatcher} owns the generic startup flow for recovering
+   * past process deaths from Android's historical exit list. An {@code ApplicationExitInfoPolicy}
+   * provides the rules for a given exit family, including how to recognize matching records,
+   * whether older matches should also be reported, how deduplication is tracked, and how matching
+   * record is turned into a synthetic Sentry event.
+   */
   interface ApplicationExitInfoPolicy {
+
+    /** Returns the human-readable label used in dispatcher logs for this exit family. */
     @NotNull
     String getLabel();
 
-    int getTargetReason();
+    /** Returns {@code true} when the given {@link ApplicationExitInfo} belongs to this policy. */
+    boolean matches(@NotNull ApplicationExitInfo exitInfo);
 
+    /** Returns whether older matching exits should be reported in addition to the latest one. */
     boolean shouldReportHistorical();
 
+    /** Returns the timestamp of the most recently reported matching exit, if one was recorded. */
     @Nullable
     Long getLastReportedTimestamp();
 
-    /** Records {@code timestamp} as the last reported exit, so it is not reported again. */
+    /**
+     * Records {@code timestamp} as the last reported matching exit, so it is not reported again.
+     */
     void markReported(long timestamp);
 
+    /**
+     * Builds the synthetic report for a matching exit.
+     *
+     * <p>{@code enrich} indicates whether the dispatcher is reporting the latest recovered exit,
+     * which may be backfilled with persisted launch state, or an older historical one, which is
+     * typically kept leaner.
+     */
     @Nullable
     Report buildReport(@NotNull ApplicationExitInfo exitInfo, boolean enrich);
   }

sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/ManifestMetadataReader.java

@@ -47,6 +47,9 @@ final class ManifestMetadataReader {
   static final String TOMBSTONE_ENABLE = "io.sentry.tombstone.enable";
   static final String TOMBSTONE_ATTACH_RAW = "io.sentry.tombstone.attach-raw";
   static final String TOMBSTONE_REPORT_HISTORICAL = "io.sentry.tombstone.report-historical";
+  static final String MEMORY_LIMITER_ENABLE = "io.sentry.memory-limiter.enable";
+  static final String MEMORY_LIMITER_REPORT_HISTORICAL =
+      "io.sentry.memory-limiter.report-historical";
 
   static final String AUTO_INIT = "io.sentry.auto-init";
   static final String NDK_ENABLE = "io.sentry.ndk.enable";
@@ -253,6 +256,14 @@ static void applyMetadata(
                 logger,
                 TOMBSTONE_REPORT_HISTORICAL,
                 options.isReportHistoricalTombstones()));
+        options.setMemoryLimiterEnabled(
+            readBool(metadata, logger, MEMORY_LIMITER_ENABLE, options.isMemoryLimiterEnabled()));
+        options.setReportHistoricalMemoryLimiterExits(
+            readBool(
+                metadata,
+                logger,
+                MEMORY_LIMITER_REPORT_HISTORICAL,
+                options.isReportHistoricalMemoryLimiterExits()));
 
         // use enableAutoSessionTracking as fallback
         options.setEnableAutoSessionTracking(