From 9cfb3aaec153209dfc0a1894498d93d64a94a264 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Scott O'Hara Date: Tue, 19 May 2026 15:46:08 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 01/31] Clarify img element accessibility descriptions closes #586 --- index.html | 13 ++----------- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 5c74bab0..3541660d 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -1616,7 +1616,7 @@

If the `img` has non-empty [^img/alt^] (`alt="some text"`) or an accessible name is provided by another `img` naming method, - or the `img` has no `alt` and has not been provided a name:
+ or the `img` has no `alt` and no accessible name:
role=img or image @@ -1659,7 +1659,7 @@

- [^img^] with no accessible name + [^img^] with empty `alt` and no accessible name
@@ -1669,11 +1669,6 @@

role=none, role=presentation

-

- If the `img` lacks an `alt` attribute and lacks any other - `img` naming methods:
- role=img or image -

@@ -1693,10 +1688,6 @@

No `aria-*` attributes except `aria-hidden="true"`.

-

- Otherwise, if the `img` has an author defined accessible name, - see `img` with an accessible name. -

From bd9e2892b025ad7116231dbd21d3ac841c690a9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Scott O'Hara Date: Tue, 19 May 2026 18:02:12 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 02/31] further refining image rule placements --- index.html | 13 +++++++------ 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 3541660d..32078e0c 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -1655,6 +1655,13 @@

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

+ +

+ If the `img` has no `alt` attribute or no accessible name: + No `role` other than the + role=none or presentation roles. + (role=img or image is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.) +

@@ -1673,12 +1680,6 @@

-

- If the `img` has no `alt` attribute or accessible name: - No `role` other than the - role=none or presentation roles. - (role=img or image is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.) -

If the `img` has an empty `alt=""` attribute and no `aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` attributes to provide it an accessible name: No `role` other than the role=none or From c74f9bf32b11aeb38204b28dba0b3afd15fb3d92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Scott O'Hara Date: Tue, 19 May 2026 18:05:16 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 03/31] remove redundant explanation --- index.html | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 32078e0c..1a000b84 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -1681,7 +1681,6 @@

- If the `img` has an empty `alt=""` attribute and no `aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` attributes to provide it an accessible name: No `role` other than the role=none or presentation roles, which are NOT RECOMMENDED.

From dc80e6a43b60b044ced41fc0add8f04cb8c0bbc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 18:28:31 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 04/31] ready for REC publication --- index.html | 331 +++++++++++------------------------------------------ 1 file changed, 67 insertions(+), 264 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 94bf3891..fb326566 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ github: "w3c/html-aria/", maxTocLevel: 2, shortName: "html-aria", - specStatus: "ED", - revisionTypes: ["addition", "correction"], + specStatus: "REC", + publishDate: "2026-07-02", group: "aria", wgPublicList: "public-webapps", xref: true, @@ -59,155 +59,6 @@ ARIA in HTML is an [[HTML]] specification module. Any HTML features, conformance requirements, or terms that this specification module makes reference to, but does not explicitly define, are defined by the [[HTML|HTML Standard]].

-

- Since this specification become a W3C Recommendation on 09 December 2021, - the following substantive additions and/or corrections have been proposed: -

- -

- Reviewers of the document can identify candidate additions - and/or corrections by their distinctive styling in the document: -

-

Candidate corrections are marked in the document.

-

Candidate additions are marked in the document.

@@ -488,13 +339,12 @@

(role, states, and properties) given in the cell in the second column of the same row. The third cell in each row defines the ARIA `role` values and `aria-*` attributes which authors MAY specify on the element. Where a cell in the third column includes the term Any `role` - it indicates that any `role` value MAY be used on the element. However, + it indicates that any `role` value MAY be used on the element. However, it is NOT RECOMMENDED for authors to specify the implicit role of the element, the `generic` role, or a role - deprecated by ARIA on these elements. + deprecated by ARIA on these elements. If a cell in the third column includes the term No `role` it indicates that authors MUST NOT overwrite the implicit ARIA semantics, or native semantics of the HTML element.

-

[[wai-aria-1.2|WAI-ARIA]] identifies roles which have prohibited states and properties. @@ -507,7 +357,6 @@

`aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` attribute, unless the element allows for its implicit role to be overwritten by an explicit WAI-ARIA role which allows naming from authors. For more information see [[[#docconformance-naming]]].

-

While setting an ARIA `role` and/or `aria-*` attribute that matches the implicit ARIA semantics is NOT RECOMMENDED, in some situations explicitly setting these attributes can be helpful – for instance, @@ -592,7 +441,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -610,7 +459,7 @@

Any `role`

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

@@ -659,7 +508,6 @@

role=generic -

Roles: `button` @@ -670,7 +518,6 @@

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

@@ -719,7 +566,7 @@

`doc-dedication`, `doc-example`, `doc-footnote`, - `doc-glossary`, + `doc-glossary`, `doc-pullquote` or `doc-tip`

@@ -768,7 +615,7 @@

Otherwise, any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

+

Naming Prohibited if exposed as the `generic` role, or if exposed as another role which prohibits naming.

@@ -789,7 +636,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -820,7 +667,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -838,7 +685,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -873,12 +720,10 @@

No `role` other than generic, which SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes - - allowed for the `generic` role, with the exception that authors MUST NOT specify `aria-hidden=true` on the `body` element. - + allowed for the `generic` role, with the exception that authors MUST NOT specify `aria-hidden=true` on the `body` element.

@@ -895,7 +740,7 @@

`none` or `presentation`

-

+

Authors MAY specify the `aria-hidden` attribute on the `br` element. Otherwise, no other allowed `aria-*` attributes.

@@ -913,20 +758,19 @@

Roles: `checkbox`, - `combobox`, - `gridcell`, + `combobox`, + `gridcell`, `link`, `menuitem`, `menuitemcheckbox`, `menuitemradio`, `option`, `radio`, - `separator`, - `slider`, + `slider`, `switch`, `tab`, - or `treeitem`. + or `treeitem`. (button is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)

@@ -966,7 +810,7 @@

No `role` other than `caption`, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes.

@@ -983,7 +827,7 @@

Any `role`

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1001,7 +845,7 @@

Any `role`, though `code` is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1045,7 +889,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1060,14 +904,12 @@

role=listbox -

No `role` other than listbox, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.

No `aria-*` attributes.

-
@@ -1098,7 +940,7 @@

Any `role`, though `deletion` is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1165,13 +1007,13 @@

role=generic -

+

If a direct child of a [^dl^] element, only `presentation` or `none`. Otherwise, any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1228,7 +1070,7 @@

Any `role`, though `emphasis` is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1292,7 +1134,7 @@

`none` or `presentation`

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1361,7 +1203,7 @@

DPub Role: `doc-footnote`

-

Naming Prohibited if exposed as `generic`.

+

Naming Prohibited if exposed as `generic`.

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1426,7 +1268,7 @@

`switch` or `textbox`. (generic is also allowed, but SHOULD NOT be used.)

-

+

Naming Prohibited if exposed as the `generic` role.

@@ -1502,7 +1344,7 @@

Otherwise, role=generic is also allowed, but SHOULD NOT be used.)

-

Naming Prohibited if exposed as `generic`.

+

Naming Prohibited if exposed as `generic`.

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1577,7 +1419,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -1609,9 +1451,7 @@

-
[^img^] -
If the `img` has non-empty [^img/alt^] (`alt="some text"`) or an accessible name is provided by another @@ -1625,20 +1465,14 @@

`button`, `checkbox`, `link`, - - `math`, - + `math`, `menuitem`, `menuitemcheckbox`, `menuitemradio`, - - `meter`, - + `meter`, `option`, `progressbar`, - - `radio`, - + `radio`, `scrollbar`, `separator`, `slider`, @@ -1669,17 +1503,14 @@

[^img^] with empty `alt` and no accessible name -

If the `img` has an empty `alt` ([^img/alt^]`=""`) and lacks any other `img` naming methods:
role=none, role=presentation

-
-

No `role` other than the role=none or presentation roles, which are NOT RECOMMENDED. @@ -1688,7 +1519,6 @@

No `aria-*` attributes except `aria-hidden="true"`.

-

@@ -1701,21 +1531,20 @@

Roles: - `checkbox`, - `combobox`, - `gridcell`, + `checkbox`, + `combobox`, + `gridcell`, `link`, `menuitem`, `menuitemcheckbox`, `menuitemradio`, `option`, - `radio`, - + `radio`, `separator`, - `slider`, + `slider`, `switch`, `tab`, - or `treeitem`. + or `treeitem`. (button is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)

@@ -1739,7 +1568,7 @@

or `switch`; `button` if used with `aria-pressed`. (checkbox is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)

-

+

Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on `input type=checkbox` elements.

@@ -1859,7 +1688,6 @@

role=button -

The following roles are allowed, but are NOT RECOMMENDED: `button`, @@ -1885,7 +1713,6 @@

If possible, authors SHOULD consider using a different HTML element which allows the specified role, such as the `button` element.

-

@@ -1951,7 +1778,7 @@

Role: `menuitemradio`. (radio is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)

-

+

Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on `input type=radio` elements.

@@ -1996,7 +1823,6 @@

role=button -

The following roles are allowed, but are NOT RECOMMENDED: `button`, @@ -2023,7 +1849,6 @@

If possible, authors SHOULD consider using a different HTML element which allows the specified role, such as the `button` element.

-

@@ -2052,7 +1877,6 @@

role=button -

The following roles are allowed, but are NOT RECOMMENDED: `button`, @@ -2079,7 +1903,6 @@

If possible, authors SHOULD consider using a different HTML element which allows the specified role, such as the `button` element.

-

@@ -2210,7 +2033,7 @@

Any `role`, though `insertion` is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2228,7 +2051,7 @@

Any `role`

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2269,7 +2092,7 @@

No `role`

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes.

@@ -2292,7 +2115,6 @@

-

No `role` other than listitem, which is NOT RECOMMENDED, if the parent list element has an implicit or explicit `list` role. @@ -2304,17 +2126,14 @@

See `ul`, `ol`, or `menu` for allowed roles for list elements.

-

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

Authors SHOULD NOT use the following deprecated DPub Roles: `doc-biblioentry`, `doc-endnote`.

-
@@ -2371,7 +2190,7 @@

Any `role`

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2420,10 +2239,8 @@

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

Authors SHOULD NOT use deprecated `directory` role.

-
@@ -2473,8 +2290,8 @@

Roles: `menu`, `menubar`, - `none`, - `presentation` + `none`, + `presentation` or `tablist`. (navigation is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)

@@ -2548,10 +2365,8 @@

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

Authors SHOULD NOT use deprecated `directory` role.

-
@@ -2621,7 +2436,7 @@

Any `role`, though `paragraph` is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2652,12 +2467,10 @@

No `role`

-

Authors MAY specify the `aria-hidden` attribute on the `picture` element. Otherwise, no other allowed `aria-*` attributes.

-
@@ -2671,7 +2484,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2711,7 +2524,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2729,7 +2542,7 @@

Any `role`

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2747,7 +2560,7 @@

Any `role`

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2779,10 +2592,10 @@

role=`deletion` -

+

Any `role`, though `deletion` is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2800,7 +2613,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -2830,7 +2643,6 @@

-

Roles: `form`, @@ -2844,7 +2656,6 @@

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

@@ -2873,7 +2684,7 @@

`dialog`, `document`, `feed`, - `group`, + `group`, `log`, `main`, `marquee`, @@ -3012,7 +2823,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -3043,7 +2854,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -3061,7 +2872,7 @@

Any `role`, though `strong` is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -3092,7 +2903,7 @@

Any `role`, though `subscript` is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -3112,7 +2923,6 @@

-

No `role` if the `summary` element is a summary for its parent details element. @@ -3128,7 +2938,6 @@

global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

@@ -3142,7 +2951,7 @@

Any `role`, though superscript is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -3374,7 +3183,7 @@

Any `role`, though time is NOT RECOMMENDED.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -3438,7 +3247,7 @@

Any `role`, though generic SHOULD NOT be used.

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -3470,12 +3279,10 @@

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

Authors SHOULD NOT use the deprecated `directory` role.

-
@@ -3489,7 +3296,7 @@

Any `role`

-

Naming Prohibited

+

Naming Prohibited

Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. @@ -3521,7 +3328,6 @@

No corresponding role -

Roles: `none` @@ -3531,7 +3337,6 @@

Authors MAY specify the `aria-hidden` attribute on the `wbr` element. Otherwise, no other allowed `aria-*` attributes.

-

@@ -3590,7 +3395,7 @@

</figure> -
+

Requirements for use of ARIA attributes to name elements

@@ -3681,7 +3486,6 @@

`aria-checked="true"` -

Use the `checked` attribute on any element that is allowed the `checked` attribute in HTML. Use the `indeterminate` IDL attribute to indicate the "mixed" state for `input type=checkbox` elements. @@ -3690,7 +3494,6 @@

Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on any element where the checkedness, or the indeterminate checked value of the element can be in opposition to the current value of the `aria-checked` attribute.

-

Authors MAY use the `aria-checked` attribute on any other element with a WAI-ARIA role which allows the attribute.

@@ -3946,7 +3749,7 @@

-
+

Requirements for deprecated ARIA role, state and property attributes

From 7008b2c6bb409cbaa34dcb525febc8200eb45d03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Mon, 22 Jun 2026 19:00:55 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 05/31] Format fixes --- index.html | 330 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------- 1 file changed, 164 insertions(+), 166 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index fb326566..434cdad0 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -766,8 +766,8 @@

`menuitemradio`, `option`, `radio`, - `separator`, - `slider`, + `separator`, + `slider`, `switch`, `tab`, or `treeitem`. @@ -904,12 +904,12 @@

role=listbox -

- No `role` other than listbox, which is NOT RECOMMENDED. -

-

- No `aria-*` attributes. -

+

+ No `role` other than listbox, which is NOT RECOMMENDED. +

+

+ No `aria-*` attributes. +

@@ -1451,7 +1451,7 @@

- [^img^] + [^img^] If the `img` has non-empty [^img/alt^] (`alt="some text"`) or an accessible name is provided by another @@ -1489,7 +1489,6 @@

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

If the `img` has no `alt` attribute or no accessible name: No `role` other than the @@ -1503,12 +1502,12 @@

[^img^] with empty `alt` and no accessible name -

- If the `img` has an empty `alt` ([^img/alt^]`=""`) and lacks any other - `img` naming methods:
- role=none, - role=presentation -

+

+ If the `img` has an empty `alt` ([^img/alt^]`=""`) and lacks any other + `img` naming methods:
+ role=none, + role=presentation +

@@ -1539,9 +1538,8 @@

`menuitemcheckbox`, `menuitemradio`, `option`, - `radio`, - `separator`, - `slider`, + `radio`, `separator`, + `slider`, `switch`, `tab`, or `treeitem`. @@ -1688,31 +1686,31 @@

role=button -

- The following roles are allowed, but are NOT RECOMMENDED: - `button`, - `checkbox`, - `gridcell`, - `link`, - `menuitem`, - `menuitemcheckbox`, - `menuitemradio`, - `option`, - `radio`, - `separator`, - `slider`, - `switch`, - `tab` - or `treeitem`. -

-

- Global `aria-*` attributes - and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. -

-

- If possible, authors SHOULD consider using a different HTML element which allows the specified role, - such as the `button` element. -

+

+ The following roles are allowed, but are NOT RECOMMENDED: + `button`, + `checkbox`, + `gridcell`, + `link`, + `menuitem`, + `menuitemcheckbox`, + `menuitemradio`, + `option`, + `radio`, + `separator`, + `slider`, + `switch`, + `tab` + or `treeitem`. +

+

+ Global `aria-*` attributes + and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. +

+

+ If possible, authors SHOULD consider using a different HTML element which allows the specified role, + such as the `button` element. +

@@ -1823,32 +1821,32 @@

role=button -

- The following roles are allowed, but are NOT RECOMMENDED: - `button`, - `checkbox`, - `combobox`, - `gridcell`, - `link`, - `menuitem`, - `menuitemcheckbox`, - `menuitemradio`, - `option`, - `radio`, - `separator`, - `slider`, - `switch`, - `tab` - or `treeitem`. -

-

- Global `aria-*` attributes - and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. -

-

- If possible, authors SHOULD consider using a different HTML element which allows the specified role, - such as the `button` element. -

+

+ The following roles are allowed, but are NOT RECOMMENDED: + `button`, + `checkbox`, + `combobox`, + `gridcell`, + `link`, + `menuitem`, + `menuitemcheckbox`, + `menuitemradio`, + `option`, + `radio`, + `separator`, + `slider`, + `switch`, + `tab` + or `treeitem`. +

+

+ Global `aria-*` attributes + and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. +

+

+ If possible, authors SHOULD consider using a different HTML element which allows the specified role, + such as the `button` element. +

@@ -1877,32 +1875,32 @@

role=button -

- The following roles are allowed, but are NOT RECOMMENDED: - `button`, - `checkbox`, - `combobox`, - `gridcell`, - `link`, - `menuitem`, - `menuitemcheckbox`, - `menuitemradio`, - `option`, - `radio`, - `separator`, - `slider`, - `switch`, - `tab` - or `treeitem`. -

-

- Global `aria-*` attributes - and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. -

-

- If possible, authors SHOULD consider using a different HTML element which allows the specified role, - such as the `button` element. -

+

+ The following roles are allowed, but are NOT RECOMMENDED: + `button`, + `checkbox`, + `combobox`, + `gridcell`, + `link`, + `menuitem`, + `menuitemcheckbox`, + `menuitemradio`, + `option`, + `radio`, + `separator`, + `slider`, + `switch`, + `tab` + or `treeitem`. +

+

+ Global `aria-*` attributes + and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. +

+

+ If possible, authors SHOULD consider using a different HTML element which allows the specified role, + such as the `button` element. +

@@ -2115,25 +2113,25 @@

-

- No `role` other than listitem, which is NOT RECOMMENDED, - if the parent list element has an implicit or explicit `list` role. -

-

- Otherwise, any `role` if the parent list element does not expose an implicit or explicit `list` role. -

-

- See `ul`, `ol`, or - `menu` for allowed roles for list elements. -

+

+ No `role` other than listitem, which is NOT RECOMMENDED, + if the parent list element has an implicit or explicit `list` role. +

+

+ Otherwise, any `role` if the parent list element does not expose an implicit or explicit `list` role. +

+

+ See `ul`, `ol`, or + `menu` for allowed roles for list elements. +

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

Authors SHOULD NOT use the following deprecated DPub Roles: - `doc-biblioentry`, - `doc-endnote`. -

+

Authors SHOULD NOT use the following deprecated DPub Roles: + `doc-biblioentry`, + `doc-endnote`. +

@@ -2365,8 +2363,8 @@

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

Authors SHOULD NOT use deprecated `directory` role. -

+

Authors SHOULD NOT use deprecated `directory` role. +

@@ -2467,10 +2465,10 @@

No `role`

-

- Authors MAY specify the `aria-hidden` attribute on the `picture` element. - Otherwise, no other allowed `aria-*` attributes. -

+

+ Authors MAY specify the `aria-hidden` attribute on the `picture` element. + Otherwise, no other allowed `aria-*` attributes. +

@@ -2643,19 +2641,19 @@

-

- Roles: - `form`, - `group`, - `none`, - `presentation` or - `region`. - (search is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.) -

-

- Global `aria-*` attributes - and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. -

+

+ Roles: + `form`, + `group`, + `none`, + `presentation` or + `region`. + (search is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.) +

+

+ Global `aria-*` attributes + and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. +

@@ -2923,21 +2921,21 @@

-

- No `role` if the `summary` element is a - summary for its parent details element. -

-

- Global `aria-*` attributes, - `aria-disabled`, and `aria-haspopup` attributes. -

-

- Otherwise, if the `summary` element is not a - summary for its parent details - element, authors MAY specify any `role`, and any - global `aria-*` attributes - and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. -

+

+ No `role` if the `summary` element is a + summary for its parent details element. +

+

+ Global `aria-*` attributes, + `aria-disabled`, and `aria-haspopup` attributes. +

+

+ Otherwise, if the `summary` element is not a + summary for its parent details + element, authors MAY specify any `role`, and any + global `aria-*` attributes + and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. +

@@ -3279,10 +3277,10 @@

Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

-

- Authors SHOULD NOT use the deprecated - `directory` role. -

+

+ Authors SHOULD NOT use the deprecated + `directory` role. +

@@ -3328,15 +3326,15 @@

No corresponding role -

- Roles: - `none` - or `presentation` -

-

- Authors MAY specify the `aria-hidden` attribute on the `wbr` element. - Otherwise, no other allowed `aria-*` attributes. -

+

+ Roles: + `none` + or `presentation` +

+

+ Authors MAY specify the `aria-hidden` attribute on the `wbr` element. + Otherwise, no other allowed `aria-*` attributes. +

@@ -3486,14 +3484,14 @@

`aria-checked="true"` -

- Use the `checked` attribute on any element that is allowed the `checked` attribute in HTML. - Use the `indeterminate` IDL attribute to indicate the "mixed" state for `input type=checkbox` elements. -

-

- Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on any element where the checkedness, or the - indeterminate checked value of the element can be in opposition to the current value of the `aria-checked` attribute. -

+

+ Use the `checked` attribute on any element that is allowed the `checked` attribute in HTML. + Use the `indeterminate` IDL attribute to indicate the "mixed" state for `input type=checkbox` elements. +

+

+ Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on any element where the checkedness, or the + indeterminate checked value of the element can be in opposition to the current value of the `aria-checked` attribute. +

Authors MAY use the `aria-checked` attribute on any other element with a WAI-ARIA role which allows the attribute.

From fe65269221bec7c96427e0a2553a304aea8ae997 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 18:32:18 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 06/31] Add evergreen boilerplate --- index.html | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 434cdad0..be94751c 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ specStatus: "REC", publishDate: "2026-07-02", group: "aria", - wgPublicList: "public-webapps", + wgPublicList: "public-aria", xref: true, errata: "https://github.com/w3c/html-aria/issues/new/", }; @@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ ARIA in HTML is an [[HTML]] specification module. Any HTML features, conformance requirements, or terms that this specification module makes reference to, but does not explicitly define, are defined by the [[HTML|HTML Standard]].

+

Future updates to this Recommendation may incorporate new features.

From 45c276c4ceb31581f34339715c52654c122be198 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 20:00:04 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 07/31] Put back list of changes --- index.html | 146 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 145 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index be94751c..62d05176 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ { name: "Steve Faulkner", company: "TPGi", - companyURL: "https://www.tpgi.com/", + companyURL: "https://vispero.com/", w3cid: "35007", retiredDate: "2023-04-28" }, @@ -59,6 +59,150 @@ ARIA in HTML is an [[HTML]] specification module. Any HTML features, conformance requirements, or terms that this specification module makes reference to, but does not explicitly define, are defined by the [[HTML|HTML Standard]].

+

+ Since this specification become a W3C Recommendation on 09 December 2021, + the following substantive changes have been made: +

+ +

For a complete list of changes made to this specification (including informative and editorial updates) see all closed pull requests on GitHub.

Future updates to this Recommendation may incorporate new features.

From 9b99545faa3d94dfd532b4d0f02599ebf6516a6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2026 14:15:34 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 08/31] update publishDate --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 62d05176..09ff7aaf 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ maxTocLevel: 2, shortName: "html-aria", specStatus: "REC", - publishDate: "2026-07-02", + publishDate: "2026-07-14", group: "aria", wgPublicList: "public-aria", xref: true, From 0e3838aa3b27131ba466c581e1dc3532ab83a1e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2026 17:50:51 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 09/31] PerEnd Not needed --- index.html | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 09ff7aaf..f2012fe6 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ }, ], previousMaturity: "REC", - perEnd: "2022-09-01", previousPublishDate: "2021-12-09", implementationReportURI: "https://w3c.github.io/html-aria/results/implementation-results.html", github: "w3c/html-aria/", From ba21462157cf89d3185f85092c8c827d08a0dd80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 14:29:37 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 10/31] Update publishDate --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index f2012fe6..50cd52b3 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ maxTocLevel: 2, shortName: "html-aria", specStatus: "REC", - publishDate: "2026-07-14", + publishDate: "2026-07-21", group: "aria", wgPublicList: "public-aria", xref: true, From dc4224fc166ec566bc80a6525b9bf1e64a360ecd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 15:45:07 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 11/31] Remove duplicate paragraph --- index.html | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 50cd52b3..ac364d92 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -202,7 +202,6 @@

For a complete list of changes made to this specification (including informative and editorial updates) see all closed pull requests on GitHub.

-

Future updates to this Recommendation may incorporate new features.

From 36b32d3487301b4fc5a91815feb3a9ae646ee87d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 15:49:50 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 12/31] Errata is list of issues --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index ac364d92..35957137 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ group: "aria", wgPublicList: "public-aria", xref: true, - errata: "https://github.com/w3c/html-aria/issues/new/", + errata: "https://github.com/w3c/html-aria/issues/", }; From cdb8fa10059ecab5469765f095c72867c7b56c54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 15:54:51 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 13/31] remove trailing space --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 35957137..305eab57 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
  • 31 May 2023 - Correction: - Update `li` element role allowances in context to the element's ancestral relationship, or lack of, + Update `li` element role allowances in context to the element's ancestral relationship, or lack of, to a list element parent.
  • From 2feb29fd14297fc68dd818463b818d53d9098922 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 15:56:18 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 14/31] remove trailing space --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 305eab57..5a305ed7 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
  • 12 February 2022 - Addition & Correction: - Allow `combobox` role on `button` element. + Allow `combobox` role on `button` element. Allow `combobox` and `checkbox` roles on `input type=button` element.
  • From ee4c0dfd45cf33b246a4d52cdecba371b6e848f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 15:57:56 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 15/31] remove trailing space --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 5a305ed7..a04b98ba 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
  • 12 February 2022 - Addition & Correction: Allow `combobox` role on `button` element. - Allow `combobox` and `checkbox` roles on `input type=button` element. + Allow `combobox` and `checkbox` roles on `input type=button` element.
  • 18 January 2022 - Addition: From ec9f3f4c5d621bbce8d7038613fed8287cd6f2a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 16:03:16 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 16/31] remove trailing space --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index a04b98ba..fc120d48 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
  • 06 January 2022 - Addition: - Change allowances for `doc-biblioentry` and `doc-endnote` roles on the `li` element. + Change allowances for `doc-biblioentry` and `doc-endnote` roles on the `li` element. These roles are deprecated in [[[dpub-aria-1.1]]].
  • From 7bf4f0fd9ff1172e5a58dcc4653683b0454d1d1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 16:10:13 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 17/31] remove trailing space --- index.html | 26 +++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index fc120d48..baa93eba 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -184,12 +184,12 @@ Allow `radio` role on `img alt="some text"` element.
  • - 07 December 2021 - Correction: - Allow only `none` and `presentation` roles for `wbr` element. + 07 December 2021 - Correction: + Allow only `none` and `presentation` roles for `wbr` element. Allow only `aria-hidden` global attribute for `br` and `wbr` elements.
  • - 02 December 2021 - Addition: + 02 December 2021 - Addition: Allow `group` role on `section` element.
  • @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
  • 26 October 2021 - Addition: - Allow `aria-hidden` attribute on the `picture` element. + Allow `aria-hidden` attribute on the `picture` element.

    • For a complete list of changes made to this specification (including informative and editorial updates) see all closed pull requests on GitHub.

    @@ -219,25 +219,25 @@

    of HTML are defined by the [[html-aam-1.0|HTML Accessibility API Mappings]] specification.

    - Any constraints for the use of ARIA features in HTML defined by this specification - are intended to prevent authors from making assistive technology products report + Any constraints for the use of ARIA features in HTML defined by this specification + are intended to prevent authors from making assistive technology products report nonsensical user interface (UI) information that does not represent the actual UI of the document.

    - Authors MUST NOT use the ARIA `role` and `aria-*` attributes in a manner that conflicts - with the semantics described in the [[[#docconformance]]] and [[[#docconformance-attr]]] - tables. It is NOT RECOMMENDED for authors to set the ARIA `role` and `aria-*` attributes - to values that match the implicit ARIA semantics defined in either table. + Authors MUST NOT use the ARIA `role` and `aria-*` attributes in a manner that conflicts + with the semantics described in the [[[#docconformance]]] and [[[#docconformance-attr]]] + tables. It is NOT RECOMMENDED for authors to set the ARIA `role` and `aria-*` attributes + to values that match the implicit ARIA semantics defined in either table. Doing so is unnecessary and can potentially lead to unintended consequences.

    ARIA semantics that extend and diverge from HTML

    - Through the use of ARIA, authors can specify semantics that go beyond the current - capabilities of native HTML. This can be very useful, as it provides authors the opportunity - to create widgets, or expose specific accessible states and properties to native HTML features + Through the use of ARIA, authors can specify semantics that go beyond the current + capabilities of native HTML. This can be very useful, as it provides authors the opportunity + to create widgets, or expose specific accessible states and properties to native HTML features which would not be possible by the use of HTML alone.

    From 9270e703209843d03694dc2c05abd72971241d7a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 16:46:44 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 18/31] remove trailing space --- index.html | 85 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------- 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index baa93eba..d21cd0b1 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -246,8 +246,8 @@

    ARIA semantics that extend and diverge from HTML

    attribute, allowing for an aural UI that will match the visual presentation of the control.

    - In the following example, a `button` element allows for a user to toggle the state of a - setting within a web application. The `aria-pressed` attribute is used to + In the following example, a `button` element allows for a user to toggle the state of a + setting within a web application. The `aria-pressed` attribute is used to augment the `button` element. When in the "pressed" state that information can be exposed to users of assistive technologies.

    @@ -255,40 +255,40 @@

    ARIA semantics that extend and diverge from HTML

    <button aria-pressed=true>...</button>

    - There are also situations where certain `aria-*` attributes are allowed for use on elements + There are also situations where certain `aria-*` attributes are allowed for use on elements with specific `role`s, while the equivalent native attribute is currently not valid in HTML itself.

    - For instance, HTML has no direct concept of a disabled hyperlink (`a href` element). - Constructs such as `<a href="..." disabled> ... </a>` are not valid, - and will not be conveyed to assistive technologies. + For instance, HTML has no direct concept of a disabled hyperlink (`a href` element). + Constructs such as `<a href="..." disabled> ... </a>` are not valid, + and will not be conveyed to assistive technologies.

    ARIA diverges from HTML in this regard and does allow for an `aria-disabled` attribute to be specified on an element with an explicit `role=link`. If an author were to specify an `aria-disabled=true` on an HTML hyperlink, user agents would not functionally - treat the hyperlink any differently (it would still be clickable/operable), however it + treat the hyperlink any differently (it would still be clickable/operable), however it would be exposed to assistive technologies as being in the disabled state.

    - Similarly, while native HTML `option` elements that are descendants of a `select` can - only be set as being `selected`, elements with an explicit `option` role can not only + Similarly, while native HTML `option` elements that are descendants of a `select` can + only be set as being `selected`, elements with an explicit `option` role can not only allow the equivalent `aria-selected`, but also the `aria-checked` attribute, supporting widgets/constructs that go beyond the capabilities of a native `select` element.

    - Unfortunately, in these situations where ARIA and HTML have feature parity, but diverge - in allowances, it can create for a misalignment in support, if not also user experiences. + Unfortunately, in these situations where ARIA and HTML have feature parity, but diverge + in allowances, it can create for a misalignment in support, if not also user experiences. In situations where ARIA allows a feature not supported by HTML, it will often - be in the author's and ultimately the user's best interest to instead implement as a + be in the author's and ultimately the user's best interest to instead implement as a fully custom ARIA widget.

    In the following example, a hyperlink needs to be communicated as being in the disabled state. HTML does not allow for the use of the `disabled` attribute on a hyperlink, - and using `aria-disabled=true` would communicate the hyperlink as being disabled to - assistive technologies, but would not actually disable the element. The most effective way - to both communicate and actually disable a hyperlink would be to remove the `href` from + and using `aria-disabled=true` would communicate the hyperlink as being disabled to + assistive technologies, but would not actually disable the element. The most effective way + to both communicate and actually disable a hyperlink would be to remove the `href` from the [^a^] element, creating a placeholder. Then, ARIA can be applied to this placeholder link to communicate the element's intended role and state.

    @@ -312,16 +312,16 @@

    As an example, the following uses a `role=heading` on a [^button^] element. This is - not allowed, because the `button` element has default functionality that conflicts with user + not allowed, because the `button` element has default functionality that conflicts with user expectations for the heading role. 

               <button role="heading">search</button>

    - An author would need to take additional steps to ensure the default functionality and presentation of - the `button` was removed, and even doing so may still not be enough to fully suppress the element's - implicit features depending on how the user chooses to engage with the web page. E.g., by turning on + An author would need to take additional steps to ensure the default functionality and presentation of + the `button` was removed, and even doing so may still not be enough to fully suppress the element's + implicit features depending on how the user chooses to engage with the web page. E.g., by turning on Windows high contrast themes, or viewing the web page in a browser's reader mode.

    @@ -331,10 +331,10 @@

    The following example illustrates a [^button^] element which has also been - provided an explicit `role=button`. Specifying this role is unnecessary, as a "button" + provided an explicit `role=button`. Specifying this role is unnecessary, as a "button" element is already exposed with an implicit `button` role. In practice this particular - instance of redundancy will likely not have unforeseen side effects, other than - unnecessarily making the markup more verbose, and incorrectly signaling to other authors + instance of redundancy will likely not have unforeseen side effects, other than + unnecessarily making the markup more verbose, and incorrectly signaling to other authors that this practice is useful. Please review the section [[[#side-effects]]] for an example of where specifying unnecessary roles can be problematic.

    @@ -344,7 +344,7 @@

    Similarly, the following uses a `role=group` on a [^fieldset^] element, and a `role=main` on a [^main^] element. - This is unnecessary, because the `fieldset` element is implicitly exposed as a `role=group`, as is the `main` element + This is unnecessary, because the `fieldset` element is implicitly exposed as a `role=group`, as is the `main` element implicitly exposed as a `role=main`. 

    @@ -354,9 +354,9 @@ 
    
           <main role="main">...</main>

    - The following uses a `role=list` on an [^ul^] element. As the `ul` element has an implicit role of `list`, + The following uses a `role=list` on an [^ul^] element. As the `ul` element has an implicit role of `list`, explicitly adding the role would generally be considered redundant. However, some user agents suppress a list's - implicit ARIA semantics if the list markers are removed from the visual presentation of the list items. + implicit ARIA semantics if the list markers are removed from the visual presentation of the list items. Generally the redundant declaration of an element's implicit role would not be recommended, but in specific situations such as this, and where the role is necessary to expose, authors can explicitly add the role.

    @@ -403,8 +403,8 @@

    Adhere to the rules of ARIA

    using the `generic` role as its intended purpose is for use by implementors of user agents.

    - In the following example, rather than using a `generic` role, authors are advised to use a `div` in - place of the `article` element. If changing the HTML element is not possible, specifying a role of + In the following example, rather than using a `generic` role, authors are advised to use a `div` in + place of the `article` element. If changing the HTML element is not possible, specifying a role of `presentation` or `none` would be acceptable alternatives to remove the implicit role of the `article`. 

    @@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ 
    Adhere to the rules of ARIA
    
           <article role="generic" ...>...</article>

    - Additionally, ARIA specifically mentions in Conflicts with Host Language Semantics + Additionally, ARIA specifically mentions in Conflicts with Host Language Semantics that if authors use both native HTML features for exposing states and properties as well as their ARIA counterparts, then the host language features take priority over the explicit ARIA attributes that are also used.

    @@ -437,12 +437,12 @@

    Adhere to the rules of HTML

    For instance, in the following example an author has specified a role of `link` on a `div` element. While HTML allows for a hyperlink (exposed as a `role=link`) to be a descendant of a `p` element, the HTML parser does not - allow a `div` to be a descendant of a `p` element. + allow a `div` to be a descendant of a `p` element. 

               <!-- Do not do this! -->
           <p>
-            ... <div role=link tabindex=0>...</div> ... 
+            ... <div role=link tabindex=0>...</div> ...
           </p>

    @@ -451,10 +451,9 @@

    Adhere to the rules of HTML

               <!-- The previous example's markup will render as follows -->
           <p>...</p>
-          <div role=link tabindex=0>...</div> 
-          ... 
+          <div role=link tabindex=0>...</div>
+          ...
           <p></p>
-          
           <!-- Instead of a div, use a span. Spans are allowed descendants of p elements! -->
           <p>
             ... <span role=link tabindex=0>...</span> ...
@@ -472,21 +471,21 @@ 
    
         Document conformance requirements for use of ARIA attributes in HTML
       
    
       
    
-        The following table provides normative per-element document conformance requirements for the 
-        use of ARIA markup in HTML documents. Additionally, it identifies the implicit ARIA semantics 
-        that apply to [=HTML elements=]. The implicit ARIA semantics of these elements are defined 
+        The following table provides normative per-element document conformance requirements for the
+        use of ARIA markup in HTML documents. Additionally, it identifies the implicit ARIA semantics
+        that apply to [=HTML elements=]. The implicit ARIA semantics of these elements are defined
         in [[html-aam-1.0|HTML AAM]].
       
    
       
    
-        Each language feature (element) in a cell in the first column implies the ARIA semantics 
-        (role, states, and properties) given in the cell in  the second column of the same row. 
+        Each language feature (element) in a cell in the first column implies the ARIA semantics
+        (role, states, and properties) given in the cell in  the second column of the same row.
         The third cell in each row defines the ARIA `role` values and `aria-*` attributes which authors MAY specify
         on the element. Where a cell in the third column includes the term Any `role`
-        it indicates that any `role` value MAY be used on the element. However, 
-        it is NOT RECOMMENDED for authors to specify the implicit role of the element, the `generic` role, or a role 
-        deprecated by ARIA on these elements. 
-        If a cell in the third column includes the term No `role` it indicates 
-        that authors MUST NOT overwrite the implicit ARIA semantics, or native semantics of the HTML element. 
+        it indicates that any `role` value MAY be used on the element. However,
+        it is NOT RECOMMENDED for authors to specify the implicit role of the element, the `generic` role, or a role
+        deprecated by ARIA on these elements.
+        If a cell in the third column includes the term No `role` it indicates
+        that authors MUST NOT overwrite the implicit ARIA semantics, or native semantics of the HTML element.
       
    
         
    
           [[wai-aria-1.2|WAI-ARIA]] identifies roles which have 

From adeb9d7e52b0c1b5ef78acfe8dc7b007d230296d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel 
Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 18:09:17 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 19/31] remove trailing space

---
 index.html | 280 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 1 file changed, 140 insertions(+), 140 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index d21cd0b1..b5044207 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -488,25 +488,25 @@ 
    
         that authors MUST NOT overwrite the implicit ARIA semantics, or native semantics of the HTML element.
       
    
         
    
-          [[wai-aria-1.2|WAI-ARIA]] identifies roles which have 
+          [[wai-aria-1.2|WAI-ARIA]] identifies roles which have
           prohibited states and properties.
           These roles do not allow certain WAI-ARIA attributes to be specified by authors.
           HTML elements which expose these implicit WAI-ARIA roles also prohibit authors from
           specifying these WAI-ARIA attributes.
         
    
         
    
-          Elements which are identified as Naming prohibited are those which authors MUST NOT specify an 
-          `aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` attribute, unless the element allows for its implicit role to be overwritten 
+          Elements which are identified as Naming prohibited are those which authors MUST NOT specify an
+          `aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` attribute, unless the element allows for its implicit role to be overwritten
           by an explicit WAI-ARIA role which allows naming from authors. For more information see [[[#docconformance-naming]]].
         
    
       
    
         While setting an ARIA `role` and/or `aria-*` attribute that matches the implicit ARIA semantics
-        is NOT RECOMMENDED, in some  situations explicitly setting these attributes can be helpful – for instance, 
+        is NOT RECOMMENDED, in some  situations explicitly setting these attributes can be helpful – for instance,
         for user agents that do not expose implicit ARIA semantics for certain elements.
       
    
       
    
         While it is conforming to use [[[dpub-aria-1.1]]] `role` values as outlined in the following table, the use of these roles
-        is not intended for implementation of websites. If using these role for purposes beyond the scope of the digital publishing 
+        is not intended for implementation of websites. If using these role for purposes beyond the scope of the digital publishing
         industry, further manual testing will be necessary to ensure the intended experience is provided to users.
       
    
       
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ 
    
                 or `doc-noteref`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes and
+                Global `aria-*` attributesand
                 any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ 
    
                 `a` element with an `href` attribute.
               
    
               
    
-                If a link needs to be programmatically communicated as "disabled", 
+                If a link needs to be programmatically communicated as "disabled",
                 remove the `href` attribute.
               
    
             
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributesand any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
           
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though `group` is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -636,8 +636,8 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than link, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
-                and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
+                and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the
                 `link` role.
               
    
             
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ 
    
                 
    
                 
    Naming Prohibited
    
                 
    
-                  Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                  Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                   and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
                 
    
             
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ 
    
                 or `region`. (article is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ 
    
                 or `doc-tip`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -731,8 +731,8 @@ 
    
                 `application`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
-                and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
+                and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the
                 `application` role.
               
    
             
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ 
    
             
             
    
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though `blockquote` is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 allowed for the `generic` role, with the exception that authors MUST NOT specify `aria-hidden=true` on the `body` element.
               
    
             
@@ -916,7 +916,7 @@ 
    
                 (button is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `definition` role.
               
    
             
@@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than group, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `group` role.
               
    
             
@@ -1118,7 +1118,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though term is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ 
    
                 `alertdialog`. (dialog is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `dialog` role.
               
    
             
@@ -1157,7 +1157,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ 
    
                 or `presentation`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1196,7 +1196,7 @@ 
    
                 `listitem`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@ 
    
                 or `presentation`.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes and
+                Global `aria-*` attributesand
                 any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ 
    
                 or `radiogroup`. (group is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1278,7 +1278,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ 
    
               
    
                 If the `figure` has a valid `figcaption` descendant:
                 
    
-                No `role` other than figure, 
+                No `role` other than figure,
                 which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
@@ -1307,7 +1307,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though figure is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1347,7 +1347,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited if exposed as `generic`.
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ 
    
                 or `search`. (form is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
@@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ 
    
             
             
    
@@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ 
    
                 `doc-subtitle`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1465,7 +1465,7 @@ 
    
               
    
                 If not a descendant of an `article`, `aside`, `main`,
                 `nav` or `section` element, or an element with `role=article`,
-                `complementary`, `main`, `navigation` or `region` then 
+                `complementary`, `main`, `navigation` or `region` then
                 role=banner
               
    
               
    
@@ -1488,7 +1488,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited if exposed as `generic`.
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1505,7 +1505,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though `group` is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1528,7 +1528,7 @@ 
    
                 `doc-pagebreak`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `separator` role.
               
    
             
@@ -1542,7 +1542,7 @@ 
    
             
             
    
@@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@ 
    
                 or `presentation`.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes and
+                Global `aria-*` attributesand
                 any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1596,8 +1596,8 @@ 
    
               [^img^]
             
             
    
@@ -1620,7 +1620,7 @@ 
    
                 `slider`,
                 `switch`,
                 `tab` or
-                `treeitem`. 
+                `treeitem`.
                 (img or image is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
@@ -1628,12 +1628,12 @@ 
    
                 `doc-cover`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
                 If the `img` has no `alt` attribute or no accessible name:
-                No `role` other than the  
+                No `role` other than the 
                 role=none or presentation roles.
                 (role=img or image is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
@@ -1645,9 +1645,9 @@ 
    
             
             
    
@@ -1688,7 +1688,7 @@ 
    
                 (button is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -1712,7 +1712,7 @@ 
    
                 Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on `input type=checkbox` elements.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, any global `aria-*` attributes and
+                Otherwise, any Global `aria-*` attributesand
                 any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
@@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes and `aria-disabled` attribute.
+                Global `aria-*` attributesand `aria-disabled` attribute.
               
    
             
           
    
@@ -1785,7 +1785,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than textbox, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `textbox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -1802,7 +1802,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes, 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes,
                 `aria-disabled`, `aria-invalid` and `aria-required` attributes.
               
    
             
@@ -1843,10 +1843,10 @@ 
    
                 `slider`,
                 `switch`,
                 `tab`
-                or `treeitem`. 
+                or `treeitem`.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
@@ -1867,7 +1867,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `textbox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -1884,7 +1884,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than spinbutton, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `spinbutton` role.
               
    
             
@@ -1901,7 +1901,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `textbox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -1923,7 +1923,7 @@ 
    
                 `aria-checked` attribute on `input type=radio` elements.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, any global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes
+                Otherwise, any Global `aria-*` attributesand any `aria-*` attributes
                 applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
@@ -1945,12 +1945,12 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than slider, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-valuemax` or 
+                Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-valuemax` or
                 `aria-valuemin` attributes on `input type=range`.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, any 
-                global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, any
+                global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `slider` role.
               
    
             
@@ -1982,7 +1982,7 @@ 
    
                 or `treeitem`.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
@@ -2004,7 +2004,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than searchbox, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `searchbox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2036,7 +2036,7 @@ 
    
                 or `treeitem`.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
@@ -2047,7 +2047,7 @@ 
    
           
           
    
@@ -2079,7 +2079,7 @@ 
    
                 or `spinbutton`. (textbox is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2105,7 +2105,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    
                 Otherwise, any
-                global `aria-*` attributes 
+                global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `combobox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2122,7 +2122,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `textbox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2140,7 +2140,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than textbox, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `textbox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2157,7 +2157,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `textbox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2175,7 +2175,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2193,7 +2193,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2207,12 +2207,12 @@ 
    
             
             
    
@@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@ 
    
                 `menu` for allowed roles for list elements.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global`aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    Authors SHOULD NOT use the following deprecated DPub Roles:
@@ -2301,7 +2301,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than main, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `main` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2332,7 +2332,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2349,7 +2349,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than math, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `math` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2376,7 +2376,7 @@ 
    
                 or `tree`. (list is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
                 
    Authors SHOULD NOT use deprecated `directory` role.
@@ -2408,11 +2408,11 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than `meter`, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-valuemax` or 
+                Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-valuemax` or
                 `aria-valuemin` attributes on `meter` elements.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, any 
+                Otherwise, any
                 global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `meter` role.
               
    
@@ -2441,7 +2441,7 @@ 
    
                 or `doc-toc`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2475,7 +2475,7 @@ 
    
                 or `image`.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes and
+                Global `aria-*` attributesand
                 any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2502,7 +2502,7 @@ 
    
                 or `tree`. (list is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    Authors SHOULD NOT use deprecated `directory` role.
@@ -2521,7 +2521,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than group, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `group` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2543,7 +2543,7 @@ 
    
                 Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-selected` attribute on the `option` element.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes and
+                Global `aria-*` attributesand
                 any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `option` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2560,7 +2560,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though status is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2578,7 +2578,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2626,7 +2626,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2648,7 +2648,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    
                 Otherwise, 
-                any global `aria-*` attributes 
+                any Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `progressbar` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2666,7 +2666,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2684,7 +2684,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2702,7 +2702,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2719,7 +2719,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2737,7 +2737,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2755,7 +2755,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2793,7 +2793,7 @@ 
    
                 (search is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2870,7 +2870,7 @@ 
    
                 `doc-toc`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2891,7 +2891,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    
                 Otherwise, 
-                any global `aria-*` attributes 
+                any Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `combobox` or `menu` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2912,7 +2912,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    
                 Otherwise, 
-                any global `aria-*` attributes 
+                any Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `listbox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -2934,7 +2934,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2965,7 +2965,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -2996,7 +2996,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3014,7 +3014,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3045,7 +3045,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3075,7 +3075,7 @@ 
    
                 Otherwise, if the `summary` element is not a 
                 summary for its parent details 
                 element, authors MAY specify any `role`, and any 
-                global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3093,7 +3093,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3111,7 +3111,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though `graphics-document` is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3128,7 +3128,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though table is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3145,7 +3145,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though rowgroup is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3188,7 +3188,7 @@ 
    
                 any `role`.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3218,7 +3218,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than textbox, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `textbox` role.
               
    
             
@@ -3235,7 +3235,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though rowgroup is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3290,7 +3290,7 @@ 
    
                 any `role`.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3307,7 +3307,7 @@ 
    
                 Any `role`, though rowgroup is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3325,7 +3325,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3358,7 +3358,7 @@ 
    
                 any `role`, though row is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3389,7 +3389,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3416,7 +3416,7 @@ 
    
                 or `tree`. (list is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
@@ -3438,7 +3438,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
@@ -3455,7 +3455,7 @@ 
    
                 Role: `application`
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `application` role.
               
    
             
@@ -3675,7 +3675,7 @@ 
    
               
    
@@ -3481,14 +3481,13 @@ 
    
           
    
               
    
-                If role defined by `ElementInternals`, 
+                If role defined by `ElementInternals`,
                 no `role`
               
    
               
    
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ 
    
                 as another role which prohibits naming.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
    		
               
    
-                If role defined by `ElementInternals`, 
+                If role defined by `ElementInternals`,
                 no `role`
               
    
               
    
@@ -1414,7 +1414,7 @@ 
    
                 Naming Prohibited if exposed as the `generic` role.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
    		
               
    
-                No `role` other than document 
+                No `role` other than document
                 or generic, which are NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
@@ -1563,7 +1563,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
             
    		
-              If the `img` has non-empty [^img/alt^] (`alt="some text"`) or an accessible name is provided by another 
-              `img` naming method, 
+              If the `img` has non-empty [^img/alt^] (`alt="some text"`) or an accessible name is provided by another
+              `img` naming method,
               or the `img` has no `alt` and no accessible name:
    
               role=img or image
                 		
               
    
-                If the `img` has an empty `alt` ([^img/alt^]`=""`) and lacks any other 
+                If the `img` has an empty `alt` ([^img/alt^]`=""`) and lacks any other
                 `img` naming methods:
    
-                role=none, 
+                role=none,
                 role=presentation
               
    
             
    
             
-              `input type=tel`, 
+              `input type=tel`,
               with no [^input/list^] attribute
             
             
@@ -2058,7 +2058,7 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than textbox, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `textbox` role.
               
    
             
    		
               
    
-                If a `label` element is implicitly or explicitly associated with a 
+                If a `label` element is implicitly or explicitly associated with a
                 labelable element then
                 no `role`
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, if the `label` is not associated with an element then any `role`, 
+                Otherwise, if the `label` is not associated with an element then any `role`,
                 though generic SHOULD NOT be used.
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited if exposed as the `generic` role, or if exposed as another role which prohibits naming.
    
@@ -2244,13 +2244,13 @@ 
    
             
             
    		
               
    
-                If the `li` is a child of an element exposed as a `role=list` 
-                (e.g., `ul`, `ol`, 
+                If the `li` is a child of an element exposed as a `role=list`
+                (e.g., `ul`, `ol`,
                 `menu`):
                 role=listitem.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, 
+                Otherwise,
                 role=generic
               
    
                 		
                 
    
                   Authors MAY use the `aria-hidden` attribute on any HTML element that allows 
-                  global `aria-*` attributes to 
+                  Global `aria-*` attributesto 
                   be specified, with the exception of focusable elements and the `body` element.
                 
    
                 
    

From c64bac25b6e03b12cd84006e62d401f4651af472 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel 
Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2026 18:12:05 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 20/31] remove trailing space

---
 index.html | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index b5044207..e5bb4876 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -2643,11 +2643,11 @@ 
    
                 No `role` other than progressbar, which is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    
-                Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-valuemax` attribute 
+                Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-valuemax` attribute
                 on `progress` elements.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, 
+                Otherwise,
                 any Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `progressbar` role.
               
    

From 3a4120039e67b7a48f514310f9b7b6423eb7a100 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel 
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 12:55:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 21/31] remove trailing spaces at end of lines

---
 index.html | 92 ++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------------
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+), 55 deletions(-)

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index e5bb4876..08283da2 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -1633,7 +1633,7 @@ 
    
               
    
               
    
                 If the `img` has no `alt` attribute or no accessible name:
-                No `role` other than the 
+                No `role` other than the
                 role=none or presentation roles.
                 (role=img or image is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
@@ -1684,7 +1684,7 @@ 
    
                 `slider`,
                 `switch`,
                 `tab`,
-                or `treeitem`. 
+                or `treeitem`.
                 (button is also allowed, but NOT RECOMMENDED.)
               
    
               
    
@@ -2805,9 +2805,9 @@ 
    
             
    		
               
    
                 role=region if the
-                [^section^] element has an 
+                [^section^] element has an
                 accessible name
-              
     
+              
    
               
    
                 Otherwise, role=generic
               
    
@@ -2835,7 +2835,7 @@ 
    
                 `search`,
                 `status`
                 or `tabpanel`.
-                (role=region is also allowed, 
+                (role=region is also allowed,
                 but NOT RECOMMENDED. role=generic SHOULD NOT be used.)
               
    
               
    
@@ -2890,7 +2890,7 @@ 
    
                 Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-multiselectable` attribute on a `select` element.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, 
+                Otherwise,
                 any Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `combobox` or `menu` role.
               
    
@@ -2911,7 +2911,7 @@ 
    
                 Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-multiselectable` attribute on a `select` element.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, 
+                Otherwise,
                 any Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `listbox` role.
               
    
@@ -2929,7 +2929,7 @@ 
    
                 If used as a valid descendant of a `select` element: no `role` or `aria-*` attributes
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, any `role` if the element is used outside of its intended context as a child of the `button` part of a customizable `select` element, 
+                Otherwise, any `role` if the element is used outside of its intended context as a child of the `button` part of a customizable `select` element,
                 though generic is NOT RECOMMENDED.
               
    
               
    Naming Prohibited
    
@@ -3064,17 +3064,17 @@ 
    
             
    		
             
               
    
-                No `role` if the `summary` element is a 
+                No `role` if the `summary` element is a
                 summary for its parent details element.
               
    
               
    
-                Global `aria-*` attributes, 
+                Global `aria-*` attributes,
                 `aria-disabled`, and `aria-haspopup` attributes.
               
    
               
    
-                Otherwise, if the `summary` element is not a 
-                summary for its parent details 
-                element, authors MAY specify any `role`, and any 
+                Otherwise, if the `summary` element is not a
+                summary for its parent details
+                element, authors MAY specify any `role`, and any
                 Global `aria-*` attributes
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
@@ -3247,13 +3247,13 @@ 
    
             
    		
               
    
                 role=columnheader,
-                `rowheader` or 
+                `rowheader` or
                 `cell` if the ancestor
                 `table` element is exposed as a `role=table`
               
    
               
    
                 role=columnheader,
-                `rowheader` or 
+                `rowheader` or
                 `gridcell` if the ancestor
                 `table` element is exposed as a `role=grid` or `treegrid`
              
    
@@ -3420,7 +3420,7 @@ 
    
                 and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.
               
    
               
    
-                Authors SHOULD NOT use the deprecated 
+                Authors SHOULD NOT use the deprecated
                 `directory` role.
               
    
             
    
             
       
    
-
       
    
-        The elements marked with No corresponding role, in the second column of 
-        the table do not have any implicit ARIA semantics, but they do have meaning 
-        and this meaning may be represented in roles, states and properties not provided 
-        by ARIA, and exposed to users of assistive technology via accessibility APIs. 
-        It is therefore recommended that authors add a `role` attribute to a semantically 
-        neutral element such as a [^div^] or [^span^], rather than overriding the semantics 
+        The elements marked with No corresponding role, in the second column of
+        the table do not have any implicit ARIA semantics, but they do have meaning
+        and this meaning may be represented in roles, states and properties not provided
+        by ARIA, and exposed to users of assistive technology via accessibility APIs.
+        It is therefore recommended that authors add a `role` attribute to a semantically
+        neutral element such as a [^div^] or [^span^], rather than overriding the semantics
         of the listed elements.
       
    
       
    
@@ -3553,11 +3552,8 @@ 
    Elements with implicit ARIA roles which prohibit naming
     -->
           
                 <!-- DO NOT do the following! -->
             <p aria-label="...">...</p>
-
             <span aria-label="...">...<span>
-
             <code aria-label="...">...<code>
-
             <div aria-labelledby="...">...</div>
           
    
           
    
@@ -3565,9 +3561,7 @@ 
    Elements with implicit ARIA roles which prohibit naming
     -->
           
    
           
                 <p role="link" tabindex="0" aria-label="...">...</p>
-
             <span role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="...">...<span>
-
             <div role="article" aria-labelledby="...">...</div>
           
    
         
@@ -3577,14 +3571,14 @@ 
    
           Requirements for use of ARIA attributes in place of equivalent HTML attributes
         
    
         
    
-          Unless otherwise stated, authors MAY use `aria-*` attributes in place of their HTML equivalents on HTML elements where the `aria-*` semantics would 
-          be expected. For example, authors MAY specify `aria-disabled=true` on a [^button^] element, while also implementing the necessary scripting to functionally 
+          Unless otherwise stated, authors MAY use `aria-*` attributes in place of their HTML equivalents on HTML elements where the `aria-*` semantics would
+          be expected. For example, authors MAY specify `aria-disabled=true` on a [^button^] element, while also implementing the necessary scripting to functionally
           disable the `button`, rather than the use `disabled` attribute.
         
    
         
    
           As stated in WAI-ARIA's Conflicts with Host Language Semantics,
-          when HTML elements use both `aria-*` attributes and their host language (HTML) equivalents, user agents MUST ignore the WAI-ARIA attributes – the 
-          native HTML attributes with the same implicit ARIA semantics take precedence. For this reason, authors SHOULD NOT specify both the native HTML attribute 
+          when HTML elements use both `aria-*` attributes and their host language (HTML) equivalents, user agents MUST ignore the WAI-ARIA attributes – the
+          native HTML attributes with the same implicit ARIA semantics take precedence. For this reason, authors SHOULD NOT specify both the native HTML attribute
           and the equivalent `aria-*` attribute on an element. Please review each attribute for any further author specific requirements.
         
    
         
    
@@ -3627,11 +3621,11 @@ 
    
               
               
                 
    
-                  Use the `checked` attribute on any element that is allowed the `checked` attribute in HTML. 
+                  Use the `checked` attribute on any element that is allowed the `checked` attribute in HTML.
                   Use the `indeterminate` IDL attribute to indicate the "mixed" state for `input type=checkbox` elements.
                 
    
                 
    
-                  Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on any element where the checkedness, or the 
+                  Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on any element where the checkedness, or the
                   indeterminate checked value of the element can be in opposition to the current value of the `aria-checked` attribute.
                 
    
                 
    
@@ -3654,7 +3648,7 @@ 
    
                   Use the `disabled` attribute on any element that is allowed the `disabled` attribute in HTML.
                 
    
                 
    
-                  Authors MAY use the `aria-disabled` attribute on any element that is allowed the `disabled` attribute in HTML, 
+                  Authors MAY use the `aria-disabled` attribute on any element that is allowed the `disabled` attribute in HTML,
                   or any element with a WAI-ARIA role which allows the `aria-disabled` attribute.
                 
    
                 
    
@@ -3674,13 +3668,13 @@ 
    
               
               
                 
    
-                  Authors MAY use the `aria-hidden` attribute on any HTML element that allows 
-                  Global `aria-*` attributesto 
+                  Authors MAY use the `aria-hidden` attribute on any HTML element that allows
+                  Global `aria-*` attributesto
                   be specified, with the exception of focusable elements and the `body` element.
                 
    
                 
    
-                  It is generally NOT RECOMMENDED for authors to use `aria-hidden="true"` on any element which also has the `hidden` attribute specified. However, 
-                  authors MUST NOT use `aria-hidden="true"` on any element which also has the `hidden` attribute specified in the 
+                  It is generally NOT RECOMMENDED for authors to use `aria-hidden="true"` on any element which also has the `hidden` attribute specified. However,
+                  authors MUST NOT use `aria-hidden="true"` on any element which also has the `hidden` attribute specified in the
                   Hidden Until Found state.
                 
    
                 
    
@@ -3688,9 +3682,9 @@ 
    
                   can be tabbed to via a keyboard. For instance, an element with `tabindex="-1"` is focusable but is not a tabbable element.
                 
    
                 
    
-                  Using `aria-hidden="true"` on an element that has the `hidden` attribute is at best an unnecessary redundancy. At worst its usage can 
+                  Using `aria-hidden="true"` on an element that has the `hidden` attribute is at best an unnecessary redundancy. At worst its usage can
                   prevent access to the content if the `hidden` attribute's default UA style of `display: none` has been purposefully overwritten by an author or user style sheet.
-                  Finally, if the `hidden` attribute is in the Hidden Until Found state, the use of `aria-hidden=true` will prevent this content from being discoverable to users 
+                  Finally, if the `hidden` attribute is in the Hidden Until Found state, the use of `aria-hidden=true` will prevent this content from being discoverable to users
                   of assistive technology when it is found via a browser's in-page find feature and visually rendered to users.
                 
    
               
@@ -3708,7 +3702,7 @@ 
    
                   `placeholder` attribute in HTML.
                 
    
                 
    
-                  Authors MAY use the `aria-placeholder` attribute on any element that is allowed the `placeholder` attribute in HTML, 
+                  Authors MAY use the `aria-placeholder` attribute on any element that is allowed the `placeholder` attribute in HTML,
                   or any element with a WAI-ARIA role which allows the `aria-placeholder` attribute.
                 
    
                 
    
@@ -3899,15 +3893,13 @@ 
    
         
    
           The following roles and attributes are deprecated features of ARIA and DPub ARIA. Conformance checkers MUST warn authors about the deprecated status of these features. Whenever possible, authors are advised to use alternatives to deprecated features.
         
    
-
         
    Deprecated ARIA roles
    
-        
        
+        
         
      
           
      The `directory` role is marked for deprecation in [[wai-aria-1.2|WAI-ARIA 1.2]]. In reality, the `directory` role had no functional difference compared to an element with an implicit or explicitly declared `list` role. Authors are advised to use one of HTML's native list elements, or an ARIA `list` role instead.
      
         
      
-
         
      Deprecated DPub ARIA roles
      
         
        
           
      • `doc-biblioentry`
        • 
@@ -3916,7 +3908,6 @@ 
        Deprecated DPub ARIA roles
        
         
        
           
        The `doc-biblioentry` and `doc-endnote` roles are marked for deprecation in [[[dpub-aria-1.1]]], as they are not valid children for an element with an implicit or explicit role of `list`. Authors can use standard list and child `li` elements without the need for these roles.
        
         
        
-
         
        Deprecated ARIA attributes
        
         
          
           
        • `aria-dropeffect`
          • 
@@ -3935,7 +3926,6 @@ 
          
         and any state or property attributes (`aria-*`) whose values are
         defined as tokens.
       
          
-
       
          
         
          
           While modern browsers treat the `role` or `aria-*` attribute values as [=ASCII case-insensitive=], not all assistive technologies will correctly parse these values.
@@ -3950,7 +3940,6 @@ 
          
         
          
         
             <div role="main">...</div>
-
   <a href="home/" aria-current="page">home</a>
         
          
         
          
@@ -3958,15 +3947,12 @@ 
          
         
          
         
          <!-- DO NOT DO THE FOLLOWING -->
 <div role="MAIN">...</div>
-
 <div role="Main">...</div>
-
 <a href="home/" aria-current="Page">home</a>
         
          
       
     
     
-
     
          
       
          
         Allowed descendants of ARIA roles
@@ -3997,21 +3983,17 @@ 
          
 <button>
   <div role="button">...</div>
 </button>
-
 <div role="button">
   <button>...</button>
 </div>
-
 <div role="link">
   <textarea>...</textarea>
 </div>
    -

    Additionally, there are certain roles which [[[wai-aria-1.2]]] has specified specific requirements for their allowed descendants. These have been identified in column 3 (Descendant allowances) by indicating to "Refer to the 'Required Owned Elements'" for those particular roles.

    - @@ -1567,7 +1567,7 @@

    Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on `input type=checkbox` elements.

    - Otherwise, any Global `aria-*` attributes and + Otherwise, any Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -1589,7 +1589,7 @@

    No `role`

    - Global `aria-*` attributes and `aria-disabled` attribute. + Global `aria-*` attributes and `aria-disabled` attribute.

    @@ -1778,7 +1778,7 @@

    `aria-checked` attribute on `input type=radio` elements.

    - Otherwise, any Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, any global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2433,7 +2433,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2481,7 +2481,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2503,7 +2503,7 @@

    Otherwise, - any Global `aria-*` attributes + any global `aria-*` attributes and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `progressbar` role.

    @@ -2521,7 +2521,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2557,7 +2557,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2592,7 +2592,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2610,7 +2610,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2746,7 +2746,7 @@

    Otherwise, - any Global `aria-*` attributes + any global `aria-*` attributes and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `combobox` or `menu` role.

    @@ -2767,7 +2767,7 @@

    Otherwise, - any Global `aria-*` attributes + any global `aria-*` attributes and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `listbox` role.

    @@ -2789,7 +2789,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2820,7 +2820,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2851,7 +2851,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2869,7 +2869,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2900,7 +2900,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2948,7 +2948,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -3180,7 +3180,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -3244,7 +3244,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -3293,7 +3293,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    Allowed descendants of ARIA roles From 73276727c36558942a655e03464c6bfff5f66f46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 13:13:16 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 22/31] Add needed space --- index.html | 18 +++++++++--------- 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 08283da2..c4b0f63d 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@

    or `doc-noteref`

    - Global `aria-*` attributesand + Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -603,7 +603,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributesand any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. + Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@

    or `presentation`.

    - Global `aria-*` attributesand + Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@

    or `presentation`.

    - Global `aria-*` attributesand + Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -1712,7 +1712,7 @@

    Authors MUST NOT use the `aria-checked` attribute on `input type=checkbox` elements.

    - Otherwise, any Global `aria-*` attributesand + Otherwise, any Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@

    No `role`

    - Global `aria-*` attributesand `aria-disabled` attribute. + Global `aria-*` attributes and `aria-disabled` attribute.

    @@ -1923,7 +1923,7 @@

    `aria-checked` attribute on `input type=radio` elements.

    - Otherwise, any Global `aria-*` attributesand any `aria-*` attributes + Otherwise, any Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2475,7 +2475,7 @@

    or `image`.

    - Global `aria-*` attributesand + Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2543,7 +2543,7 @@

    Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-selected` attribute on the `option` element.

    - Global `aria-*` attributesand + Global `aria-*` attributes and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `option` role.

    From a8cc220298837f52d6c3395928f2ce4b833dd585 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 13:17:10 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 23/31] spacing --- index.html | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index c4b0f63d..c758f186 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -559,7 +559,7 @@

    or `doc-noteref`

    - Global `aria-*` attributes and + Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -1237,7 +1237,7 @@

    or `presentation`.

    - Global `aria-*` attributes and + Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -1586,7 +1586,7 @@

    or `presentation`.

    - Global `aria-*` attributes and + Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2475,7 +2475,7 @@

    or `image`.

    - Global `aria-*` attributes and + Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.

    @@ -2543,7 +2543,7 @@

    Authors SHOULD NOT use the `aria-selected` attribute on the `option` element.

    - Global `aria-*` attributes and + Global `aria-*` attributes and any other `aria-*` attributes applicable to the `option` role.

    From fed0ff8b230e52bd9741928df0d80715ed3be374 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 13:49:29 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 24/31] Right link to APG --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index c758f186..5551905d 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -3500,7 +3500,7 @@

    add accessibility information to HTML elements using the Accessible Rich Internet Applications specification. -
  • [[[wai-aria-practices-1.2]]] - An author's guide to +
  • ARIA Authoring Practices Guide - An author's guide to understanding and implementing Accessible Rich Internet Applications.
    • From d1cf20054f9c41b7703f834fe3f9e9e60a705930 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 14:29:05 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 25/31] spacing --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 5551905d..83ecbfa1 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -3669,7 +3669,7 @@

    Authors MAY use the `aria-hidden` attribute on any HTML element that allows - Global `aria-*` attributesto + Global `aria-*` attributes to be specified, with the exception of focusable elements and the `body` element.

    From 762f6834a14b88c9ae7167fb573ce34220485835 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 16:46:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 26/31] 30 July --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 83ecbfa1..af027e53 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ maxTocLevel: 2, shortName: "html-aria", specStatus: "REC", - publishDate: "2026-07-21", + publishDate: "2026-07-30", group: "aria", wgPublicList: "public-aria", xref: true, From e277aa3e8b491aadc363372253b6fc2176f7b47c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Mon, 3 Aug 2026 19:03:52 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 27/31] Update pubdate --- index.html | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index af027e53..f16ffa6a 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ maxTocLevel: 2, shortName: "html-aria", specStatus: "REC", - publishDate: "2026-07-30", + publishDate: "2026-08-11", group: "aria", wgPublicList: "public-aria", xref: true, From 9532904354581b27094146daf6125f9117031d86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 14:49:56 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 28/31] Spec cleanup --- index.html | 144 ----------------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 144 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index f16ffa6a..b57a2baa 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -58,150 +58,6 @@ ARIA in HTML is an [[HTML]] specification module. Any HTML features, conformance requirements, or terms that this specification module makes reference to, but does not explicitly define, are defined by the [[HTML|HTML Standard]].

    -

    - Since this specification become a W3C Recommendation on 09 December 2021, - the following substantive changes have been made: -

    - -

    For a complete list of changes made to this specification (including informative and editorial updates) see all closed pull requests on GitHub.

    From 3cca83e925097d3d364be41643f52c7e1fcca59b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 14:52:15 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 29/31] Update spec metadata --- index.html | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index b57a2baa..c4d5a028 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ github: "w3c/html-aria/", maxTocLevel: 2, shortName: "html-aria", - specStatus: "REC", - publishDate: "2026-08-11", + specStatus: "ED", + // publishDate: "2026-08-11", group: "aria", wgPublicList: "public-aria", xref: true, From ddc30cb176fc158f30f67e6c6b31202cbb15da82 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Daniel Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 14:54:21 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 30/31] Remove publishDate key,wasn't there before --- index.html | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index c4d5a028..48ba1ab6 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ maxTocLevel: 2, shortName: "html-aria", specStatus: "ED", - // publishDate: "2026-08-11", group: "aria", wgPublicList: "public-aria", xref: true, From ef9b990765c45ba5d4ff5cf14ce3cbc096227ed8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Scott O'Hara Date: Mon, 31 Aug 2026 10:34:03 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 31/31] capitalization and spacing fixes Co-authored-by: Scott O'Hara --- index.html | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 48ba1ab6..dd10b902 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -458,7 +458,7 @@

    Naming Prohibited

    - Otherwise, Global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles. + Otherwise, global `aria-*` attributes and any `aria-*` attributes applicable to the allowed roles.