Dataset: nanopubs (development version)

Nanopublications are small units of publishable information, used for scientific results and more. This dataset is based on a subset of a dump of all available nanopublications as of April 5, 2018. Only the first 5M of freely-licensed nanopubs were included. Each nanopub consists of several RDF graphs and thus is an RDF dataset. The included data is primarily from the biomedical domain. More information: paper, website.

This README is a snapshot of documentation for the latest development version of the dataset. Full documentation for all versions can be found on the website.

General information

• Title: Nanopublications (en)
• Identifier: nanopubs
• Version: dev
• Theme:
  • Metadata (eurovoc:c_40f54e0c)
  • Open data (eurovoc:c_5ea6e5c4)
  • Open science (eurovoc:c_99a79cea)
  • Research results (eurovoc:6306)
  • Scientific research (eurovoc:2924)
• Creator:
  • Authors of the included nanopublications (cited within the dataset) (​1)
    • Name: Authors of the included nanopublications (cited within the dataset)
  • Tobias Kuhn (​2)
    • Name: Tobias Kuhn
    • Comment: Author of the nanopublications dump (en)
    • Homepage: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-0234
  • Piotr Sowiński (​3)
    • Name: Piotr Sowiński
    • Nickname: Ostrzyciel
    • Homepage:
      • (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-9461)
      • Ostrzyciel (https://github.com/Ostrzyciel)
• License: https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-SA-3.0
• Rights: This dataset only includes freely-licensed publications (CC BY, CC BY-SA, or ODbL licenses). Each nanopublication includes information about its original authors and is self-citing. The dataset is marked as under CC BY-SA, as this is the most restrictive license in the dataset. (en)
• Source: Kuhn, T. (2018). Nanopublication Dump From Server Network [Dataset]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1213293
• Date Issued: 2023-04-30
• Date Modified: 2026-10-22
• Landing page: nanopubs (dev)

Technical metadata

• Has stream type usage:
  • RDF stream type usage (​1)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
    • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
  • RDF stream type usage (​2)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
    • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
• Has stream element count: 5,000,000
• Has stream element split:
  • Type: Stream elements split by topic (rb:TopicStreamElementSplit)
  • Comment: Each stream element is one nanopublication. (en)
• Uses vocabulary:
  • http://purl.org/dc/terms/
  • http://www.nanopub.org/nschema#
  • https://www.w3.org/ns/prov-o
• Conforms to W3C RDF 1.1 specification: yes
• Conforms to W3C RDF-star draft specification as of December 17, 2021: yes
• Uses generalized triples: no
• Uses generalized RDF datasets: no
• Uses RDF-star: no

Distributions

Full flat distribution

• Title: Full flat distribution
• Identifier: flat-full
• Has file name: flat_full.nq.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Flat distribution (RDF Messages) (rb:flatDistribution)
  • Full distribution (rb:fullDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
  • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
  • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 5,000,000
• Byte size: 1.6 GB
• Media type: application/n-quads
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/flat_full.nq.gz

Full stream distribution

• Title: Full stream distribution
• Identifier: stream-full
• Has file name: stream_full.tar.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Full distribution (rb:fullDistribution)
  • Stream distribution (rb:streamDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
  • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
  • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
• Has stream element count: 5,000,000
• Byte size: 981.0 MB
• Media type: application/trig
• Packaging format: application/tar
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/stream_full.tar.gz

Full Jelly distribution

• Title: Full Jelly distribution
• Identifier: jelly-full
• Has file name: jelly_full.jelly.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Full distribution (rb:fullDistribution)
  • Jelly distribution (rb:jellyDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • RDF stream type usage (​1)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
    • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
  • RDF stream type usage (​2)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
    • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 5,000,000
• Byte size: 1.1 GB
• Media type: application/x-jelly-rdf
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/jelly_full.jelly.gz

Full Jelly-RDF 1.2 distribution

• Title: Full Jelly-RDF 1.2 distribution
• Identifier: jelly12-full
• Has file name: jelly_full.2.jelly.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Full distribution (rb:fullDistribution)
  • metadata (dev)
• Has stream type usage:
  • RDF stream type usage (​1)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
    • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
  • RDF stream type usage (​2)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
    • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
• Has stream element count: 5,000,000
• Byte size: 979.9 MB
• Media type: application/x-jelly-rdf
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/jelly_full.2.jelly.gz

1M elements flat distribution

• Title: 1M elements flat distribution
• Identifier: flat-1m
• Has file name: flat_1M.nq.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Flat distribution (RDF Messages) (rb:flatDistribution)
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
  • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
  • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 1,000,000
• Byte size: 375.2 MB
• Media type: application/n-quads
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/flat_1M.nq.gz

1M elements stream distribution

• Title: 1M elements stream distribution
• Identifier: stream-1m
• Has file name: stream_1M.tar.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
  • Stream distribution (rb:streamDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
  • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
  • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
• Has stream element count: 1,000,000
• Byte size: 267.1 MB
• Media type: application/trig
• Packaging format: application/tar
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/stream_1M.tar.gz

1M elements Jelly distribution

• Title: 1M elements Jelly distribution
• Identifier: jelly-1m
• Has file name: jelly_1M.jelly.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Jelly distribution (rb:jellyDistribution)
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • RDF stream type usage (​1)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
    • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
  • RDF stream type usage (​2)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
    • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 1,000,000
• Byte size: 256.1 MB
• Media type: application/x-jelly-rdf
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/jelly_1M.jelly.gz

1M elements Jelly-RDF 1.2 distribution

• Title: 1M elements Jelly-RDF 1.2 distribution
• Identifier: jelly12-1m
• Has file name: jelly_1M.2.jelly.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
  • metadata (dev)
• Has stream type usage:
  • RDF stream type usage (​1)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
    • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
  • RDF stream type usage (​2)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
    • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 1,000,000
• Byte size: 222.1 MB
• Media type: application/x-jelly-rdf
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/jelly_1M.2.jelly.gz

100K elements flat distribution

• Title: 100K elements flat distribution
• Identifier: flat-100k
• Has file name: flat_100K.nq.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Flat distribution (RDF Messages) (rb:flatDistribution)
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
  • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
  • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 100,000
• Byte size: 34.7 MB
• Media type: application/n-quads
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/flat_100K.nq.gz

100K elements stream distribution

• Title: 100K elements stream distribution
• Identifier: stream-100k
• Has file name: stream_100K.tar.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
  • Stream distribution (rb:streamDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
  • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
  • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
• Has stream element count: 100,000
• Byte size: 24.6 MB
• Media type: application/trig
• Packaging format: application/tar
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/stream_100K.tar.gz

100K elements Jelly distribution

• Title: 100K elements Jelly distribution
• Identifier: jelly-100k
• Has file name: jelly_100K.jelly.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Jelly distribution (rb:jellyDistribution)
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • RDF stream type usage (​1)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
    • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
  • RDF stream type usage (​2)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
    • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 100,000
• Byte size: 22.6 MB
• Media type: application/x-jelly-rdf
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/jelly_100K.jelly.gz

100K elements Jelly-RDF 1.2 distribution

• Title: 100K elements Jelly-RDF 1.2 distribution
• Identifier: jelly12-100k
• Has file name: jelly_100K.2.jelly.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
  • metadata (dev)
• Has stream type usage:
  • RDF stream type usage (​1)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
    • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
  • RDF stream type usage (​2)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
    • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 100,000
• Byte size: 19.4 MB
• Media type: application/x-jelly-rdf
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/jelly_100K.2.jelly.gz

10K elements flat distribution

• Title: 10K elements flat distribution
• Identifier: flat-10k
• Has file name: flat_10K.nq.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Flat distribution (RDF Messages) (rb:flatDistribution)
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
  • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
  • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 10,000
• Byte size: 3.3 MB
• Media type: application/n-quads
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/flat_10K.nq.gz

10K elements stream distribution

• Title: 10K elements stream distribution
• Identifier: stream-10k
• Has file name: stream_10K.tar.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
  • Stream distribution (rb:streamDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
  • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
  • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
• Has stream element count: 10,000
• Byte size: 2.4 MB
• Media type: application/trig
• Packaging format: application/tar
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/stream_10K.tar.gz

10K elements Jelly distribution

• Title: 10K elements Jelly distribution
• Identifier: jelly-10k
• Has file name: jelly_10K.jelly.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Jelly distribution (rb:jellyDistribution)
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
• Has stream type usage:
  • RDF stream type usage (​1)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
    • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
  • RDF stream type usage (​2)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
    • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
• Has stream element count: 10,000
• Byte size: 2.2 MB
• Media type: application/x-jelly-rdf
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/jelly_10K.jelly.gz

10K elements Jelly-RDF 1.2 distribution

• Title: 10K elements Jelly-RDF 1.2 distribution
• Identifier: jelly12-10k
• Has file name: jelly_10K.2.jelly.gz
• Has distribution type:
  • Partial distribution (rb:partialDistribution)
  • metadata (dev)
• Has stream type usage:
  • RDF stream type usage (​1)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a stream of RDF datasets. Each RDF dataset corresponds to one nanopublication. (en)
    • Has stream type: RDF dataset stream (stax:datasetStream)
  • RDF stream type usage (​2)
    • Type: RDF stream type usage (stax:RdfStreamTypeUsage)
    • Comment: The dataset can be viewed as a flattened stream of quads. (en)
    • Has stream type: Flat RDF quad stream (stax:flatQuadStream)
• Has stream element count: 10,000
• Byte size: 1.9 MB
• Media type: application/x-jelly-rdf
• Compression format: application/gzip
• Download URL: https://w3id.org/riverbench/datasets/nanopubs/dev/files/jelly_10K.2.jelly.gz